The Use of the ADDIE Model in Instructional Design Essay

Instructional Design is one of the main functions of any teacher. It is a preliminary design of main parts of the forthcoming activities of students and teachers. The ADDIE Model, which is a traditional model of curriculum development, can help a teacher to design the necessary programs, systems, processes or situations.
To start with, the ADDIE model was first developed and appeared in 1975. This model was designed by the Center for Educational Technology for the USA Armed Forces at Florida State University. Silvern characterized the ADDIE model as a “graphic analog representing a real-life situation either as it is or as it should be” (AECT, 1977). Furthermore, this model helps to connect different dots in order to form an exact and clear picture of learning and teaching events. It stands for Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate and includes the five main phases. Watson (1981) stated that “the first four are sequential in nature, but the evaluation phase is a continuous process that is conducted in conjunction with all of the others.”
Each phase involves a set of actions and its interim results. The beginning of each subsequent phase is based on the results of the previous one.
The instructional problem is cleared up in the analysis phase, the instructional aims and different objectives are determined, the learner’s skills and existing knowledge and learning environment are recognized. Moreover, different actions are carried out in this phase, which include: concretization of the curriculum’s organizational goals and objectives, formulation of requirements for administering a training program, identification of strategies for the transfer of new skills in working practices, calculation of the project risks, opportunities and assumptions, etc.
The design phase is concerned with media selection, different learning objectives, lesson planning, etc. This design phase must be either specific or systematic. Actions that are carried out during this phase consist of the following ones: determination of the training’s duration and schedule, identification of the methods of the program evaluation, data collection methods and types of reporting, identification of requirements for the administration of the program, etc.
In the development phase, a training program is created. To form a training plan, it is necessary to select or create the learning resources. In addition, mechanisms for a process control study and content delivery are also created. Furthermore, the actions, which are carried out in the development phase include: development of informational materials, development of technological infrastructure and software, development of assessment tools and training programs.
The implement phase consists of the prototype’s testing, conducting training on the program, putting the received product in its full production, and training students and teachers on how to apply this product.
The last evaluation phase includes both formative and summative evaluation. In this phase, the evaluation of the effectiveness of the introduced project is carried out. Based on previously developed criteria, the estimated and actual learning outcomes are compared.
The advantages of the ADDIE model are the following ones:
This program allows for the evaluation of the students’ needs;
It helps learners to achieve the main goals of the course.
Moreover, it helps to provide:
The development and design of different training materials;
The estimation of the effectiveness of the training programs using the processes with the measurable, special and specific outcomes.
The concerns of the ADDIE model consist of the following aspects:
The ADDIE model’s process takes a lot of time to implement and can be very unwieldy;
It includes too many different steps to be effective and useful for a classroom teacher;
The ADDIE model is too systematic, constraining, and inflexible to operate with.
In conclusion, it is possible to sum up that the ADDIE model is a simplified and universal instructional system design model. It helps to design different training programs and can be used to different kinds of learning solutions.