The Hume Essay

On the question of the knowledge and the knowledge of the Hume held the position of agnosticism and skepticism. The source for it was the concept of “experience”, and as its elements are perceptions. On its source they can be of three kinds: those that received from the sense organs as a result of feelings, when we see, hear, touch, and those, which arise from the “inspiration of passion”, as a result of emotions, emotions, when we love, hate, feel the fear, the hope or desire, desire; and those that appear as a result of the thinking, the mind, the reflection. Hume shared perception of the degree of vitality and strength: this is how he distinguishes impressions and ideas (ideas). Impressions are the living and strong perceptions, ideas same. Perceptions are less bright in comparison with the impressions, more dim and weak.
From the perspective of philosophy Hume analyzed religion. He could see faith as an act of human nature in general (belief – belief, conviction, belief, opinion and religious belief (faith, faith, religion, communication, loyalty, trust). Characterizing the faith as an act of human nature in general, Hume wrote: “faith or the consent of, always accompanying memory and feelings, there is not that other, as vivacity (vivacity) delivered their perception… only this liveliness and distinguishes them from the imagination. In this case, to believe means feel (to feel) the direct impression of feelings or repetition of such an impression in the memory”. Faith is not in nature and not in the order of our ideas, but in the way that we represent, and how they are conceived by the mind. The true and the real cause of the idea and its accompanying faith is present impression. Faith, accompanying any present impression, arises out of habit. Discussing the reasons for the faith, Hume installed as a general rule, the science of human nature the following: “…when any impression is perceived by us, it not only brings the mind to the related impression of ideas, but also informs them of their strength and vitality. Feelings have a strong influence on faith.” Emotion easily be transferred to the imagination, apply to the idea extended to us the object and makes us to form this idea with greater alacrity and agree with it. Faith is an act of feeling rather than thinking part of our nature.
Using faith as an act of human nature, Hume believed that it is generally accepted the idea of the existence of things. Every impression and the idea are perceived as existing, and from this consciousness the idea comes of being and confidence in him.
The idea of existence is identical to the idea that we represent as existing. Think about some things and think about it’s like the existing, completely one and the same. In whatever we were, we present it as existing. Every educated us the idea is the idea of existence.
The idea of an external existence follows from the fact that the mind will never be able to nothing but his perceptions (impressions and ideas) and in that cause external objects are known to us only from the resulting perceptions. We can’t imagine something or to form an idea of something other than the impressions and other ideas. When we are focusing their attention on something outside of us, traveled back imagination to heaven or to the extreme limits of the Universe, we are a step does not go beyond the limits of ourselves and can’t imagine any of the existence, in addition to those perceptions, which have appeared within our narrow outlook. Outlook is the Universe, created by the imagination.
In accordance with the teachings about the ideas Hume interpreted and the idea of the substance. Neither impressions feelings, nor impressions reflection is produce this idea. We have no other ideas substances, except for aggregate individual qualities. The idea of substance is a set of simple ideas, combining imagination and having a special name, with the help of which we can call this an aggregate in its own memory and memory of other men. According to Hume, the idea of a substance vaguely and imperfect, and we do not have any idea about the substance, but the idea of the individual properties of the unknown something. Substance is a bunch or a bunch of different perceptions. Matter and spirit (material and spiritual substance) is not known, and we can’t determine which properties inherent in one or the other.
Recognition of the objective of causality is also connected with faith. According to Hume, psychological basis of the belief in the objective of causality is the association of events in the sequence, the image of memory, the imagination, and, finally, the belief. In the power and quickness of perception is, the first act of judgment, laying the beginning of a conclusion, which we are building, proceeding from it when the relationships of cause and effect. We can conclude the existence of an object of the existence of another object only on the basis of experience. We remember that one of the objects always accompanied by another, and was with them in the correct and consistent for contiguity and integrity. For example, when the form object called us with fire, we sensations, called us a warm; we remembered well as their permanent connection with this object in all the previous cases. Without further hesitation we call the one object of the cause, the other is action and make a conclusion about the existence of one of the existence of the other.
Hume thought that religious belief is different. Enlightened faith is the belief in the existence of something which is above nature, above her; she is not identical to the mind, but remotely resembling it. Faith can be based in mind. The whole system of nature testifies to the existence of an intelligent creator. The intention, the purpose, the plan is evident in all perceived phenomena of nature, and as soon as our understanding extends to the review of the initial origin visible system of the world- we have to take with the deepest conviction idea about some reasonable cause or of an intelligent creator. Uniform laws governing the organization of the universe; also inevitably give us an idea of the unity and indivisibility of the higher mind. Even contradictions in nature escaped, showing up everywhere, are evidence of a coherent plan and testify to a single intention, on the uniform, though inexplicable and incomprehensible, the goal. That is the idea of “reason at all”, in which you can only believe, as in the objective of causation, but it is futile to attempt to prove.