Negotiations between the USA and the Soviet Union essay
It is known that the negotiations between the USA and the Soviet Union had the major goal – to reduce the manufacturing of strategic nuclear missiles. In 1969, the first round of negotiations led to the treaty which aimed to regulate antiballistic missiles and to freeze not only a great number of the intercontinental ballistic missiles, but also most of the submarine-launched ballistic missiles. The treaty was signed by the leader of the Soviet Union Leonid Brezhnev and the US President Richard Nixon, in 1972. The second round of talks, well known as SALT II, took place in 1972-1979. It led to the agreement to reduce strategic launchers. This time, it was signed by Brezhnev and Jimmy Carter. I think that the Strategic Arms Limitations Talks was beneficial to dйtente because it gave an opportunity to both powerful states to pursue common goals. It means that both the USA and the Soviet Union had a chance to regulate their international relations.
The Reagan Doctrine is known as an aggressive foreign policy of 1981-87 which was specially designed in order to stop the development of Communism, to weaken the position of the Soviet Union and to overthrow the marginal allies of the Soviet Union created in the Third World. The Reagan Doctrine was similar to Truman Doctrine which also provided economic and military aid to those countries that were threatened by Communism and other totalitarian ideology. The Eisenhower Doctrine had the same goal when the Soviet Union provided arms to Egypt and some Arab States. The difference was concluded in the fact that the Reagan Doctrine became a significant Cold War strategy. It was issued in response to the Soviet Leader’s Doctrine according to which the Soviet Union could interfere in the inner affairs of the European countries that adhered to the socialist ideas.
It is known that when Gorbachev became the general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1985, he launched his state on an absolutely new course. His program was based on two concepts – “Perestroika” or “restructuring” and “Glasnost” or “openness”. Perestroika was focused on economic issues. It replaced the centralized government planning to the market-oriented system. Glasnost aimed to reduce the strict social controls of the Soviet government and to give freedom to media and religious organizations and provide freedom of speech. This new program provided profound changes in all spheres including sphere of economy, internal affairs, and international relations. Within five years, this new program removed communists throughout the states of Eastern Europe from their power. Moreover, it put the end to the Cold War which lasted from 1945 to 1991 and considered to be the strong economic-political rivalry between two powerful states: the Soviet Union and the United State, as well as their allies that appeared after the World War II. It is also known that this Gorbachev’s program led to collapse of the Soviet Union which was divided into 15 individual states in 1991.
It is known that the United States support for Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War was represented by the economic aid in several billion dollars. Besides, it included the sale of some dual-use technology, weapons, chemicals and military intelligence. The USA also provided Special operations training for Iraq. Many Iraq soldiers got different types training guidance from the US military personnel. The Iran-Iraq War lasted about nine years during which the USA played its significant role in it. Many experts consider that the US leaders wanted to see both countries weakened that’s why it was a success in the US policy.
