Essay on CASE EFFECTS OF THE SIR ON TRADITION AND SOCIAL MORES
This work is dedicated to the specific topic. It is a reaction paper for technological changes, which influenced on the society. It consists from summarizing and analyzing the information and thoughts, given in different works about this theme. The essay’s task is to analyze- from a social psychological perspective- the events depicted in the chosen theme. Detailed overview can allow getting the main ideas, advantages and disadvantages of a big amount of thoughts and arguments. The done work is original and specified. Our core focus will be on the determining main standpoints of such questions: to identify the single modern technology that, in my opinion, has resulted in the greatest social change, to discuss what I am reacting to and why, to describe both the technology and the social change in detail and to supply it with arguments and facts and other. Thus, I am going to show and illustrate all sides of the chosen theme through this paper.
In the introduction, I think it will be appropriately to mention that the main topic of the writing is the causal connections between the technology and the change explained in a clear and convincing manner. Introduction in the paper establishes the importance of the question and indicates which aspects of it are addressed in the paper. At last, the aim is to make an argumentative conclusion, including all topics and questions. As far as I am concerned, this theme is important and popular through the people and during many centuries, because the technology is something which helps to adapt a human to a contemporary world and future life.
In order to explain this theme better, I may reflect on myself as a learner: for example, consider the practices, conditions and opportunities under which I feel technology has been most influenced on me. This essay however will not be the completely descriptive of theory, or just practice, but I will try to demonstrate the inextricable links between theory and practice. The intent of the writing is to be pragmatic in focus.
According to Hubpages (2011) we live in a society that depends on information and communication to keep moving in the right direction and do our daily activities like work, entertainment, health care, education, personal relationships, traveling and anything else that we have to do. During the last half century the mass media has become extremely affective on the people; its influence has risen with the technology advance. Primary, the telegraph appeared, and then the radio was created, and after appeared the newspapers and magazines, eventually, television was invented and nowadays the Internet. In twentieth century United States of America, people enjoy a living standard, which surpasses any living standards during the past century. People now have powerful technologies, which can cure diseases and even prolong people’s lives.
Every person faces with media every single day. In the morning people check newspaper or news on the television (or Internet), and usually make decisions taking in account and according to the information that was heard from the mass media or friends, family (who also get the information from the mass media and Internet). The authority of mass media make people trust on it and gain the information, education, work and entertainment from it. The point is that people should know all the negative influence that mass media has and be aware the possible effects.
The theorists, Melvin DeFleur and Sandra Ball-Rokeach, in 1976 published first (original) variant of the Media Dependence theory in the article called “A dependency model of mass media effects” (Communication Research, 3, 3-21). The given theory stated the fact that there is a direct proportion between human’s fulfilling his needs by the media and his dependence on it and importance of the media to an individual. This theory is a kind of a relationship where the human’s capacity to attain his aims is depend on the media system information resources, which used to be divided on categories such as the possibility to gather and create, disseminate and process the information. When the world is seemed to become more complicated, an individual turns to media in order to catch the sense of surrounding. However, a human becomes more influenced by media as he more relies for the information on media.
Talking about the original theory it must be mentioned that primarily researches stated that media – system dependency being related to information meeting has to: first, to conform to social norm (pop culture, trends); second, to understand the world of society (it means current events); at last, to escape (at least in fantasy) from the social reality (it means entertainment). While human’s needs increase, the dependency of the media increases. However, according to Ball-Rokeach and DeFleur’s research, during such social large-scale depressing crises as, for example, war, a type of the fantastical escape might raise dramatically, in that way raising the system of the media dependency like an entertainment source. In contrast, the new theory differs from the previous with three factors, which influence on the dependency: first, the needs of information; second, the development stage (means age); and at last, individual personalities (for example, values).
The given theory states that the media has extremely huge power and influence over the audience. It is definitely simple to set an agenda in the case when a person is extremely dependent for the information on the media; moreover, the media is the only source to get information for a person. Chaffee, M. & Berger, W. (1997) found that the Media Dependence Theory (see Figure 1) has explanatory power, but more of predictive power because it predicts how dependency on the media correlates with importance of the media to a certain person; is relatively simple to understand, so it is parsimonious; can be proven false, if a person is not dependent on the media, media will not be of great importance to that individual. Moreover, in nature the given theory is relatively scientific. It states a kind of correlation, as it have been already mentioned, between the media importance and dependence and influence of it, nevertheless, every person is likely to use media in various directs. Further still, each person is influenced by the media in various ways.
Talking about the gender role it should be mentioned that the time change it quickly. Eventually, in the United States of America, only men have been physicians; it was a traditional way of being. However, a few women, who worked in this sphere, caused a special kind of the job: “woman doctor”. Later, women become to occupied different professions, which were occupied earlier only by men. Clearly, there appeared special terms as “woman lawyer” and even “male secretary”, finally “male nurse” or even “lady barber”, etc. In contrast, in the former Soviet Union countries, medical were women, in majority; similarly, in Germany and Taiwan it was greatly common for all of the barbers in a barbershop to be a woman. Almost all jobs, which have been traditionally female or male have switched genders through out the history. Nevertheless, a big category of jobs are continually evolving as far as being dominated by women or men, it can be said beyond any doubt. Due to World War II clerical jobs used to be occupied only by men, however, several women began filling men’s job positions due to, and it resulted in becoming clerical jobs dominated by women.
Friedan Betty (1960-1970), noted that “In the 1930s, the woman most likely to appear as a nurse who has “strength in her hands, pride in her carriage and nobility in the lift of her chin… the heroines of-the 1950s, did not have to choose invariably between marriage and career, they could have both. They were “young and frivolous, almost childlike; fluffy and feminine; passive; gaily content in a world of bedroom and kitchen, sex, babies, and home”.
There are several aspects that influence the degree of the dependency of the media. Primarily, an audience is more dependent on the media that definitely meets few of needs of an audience than on the media that can definitely provide only several of those needs. Secondly, the dependency source is social stability. Whereas the social conflict and change are very high, beliefs, institutions (that are established), practices are obviously challenged, making a person to evaluate again and choose. In this case, the reliance of a person on the media for the information will rise. On the other hand, through much more stable times the dependency on media of a person might go directly way down. A person’s needs seemed to be not constantly directly personal but might be divided by the culture or even by the different social aspects. Strictly talking, needs of personalities, their motives, uses of the media are obviously contingent on aspects that are outside and that might not be under personalities control (see Figurer 2).
The one of the wide spread problems through the contemporary generation is dependency on chats such as Facebook, Twitter, Skype, ICQ and others. Currently, Facebook includes much more than 300 million of users. While Facebook’s popularity and users amount is growing, the site of social networks influence on people more and more. Such anticipation of almost each user of Facebook someday may get dangerously addictive, and then will appear the media systems dependency.
Brown (2011) has noted that early initiation of sexual intercourse is a risk factor for teenage pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STI). Both male and female adolescents who are younger at first intercourse are less likely to use a contraceptive method. In this reticence context, the media (including movies, music, games, magazines, television) can be powerful and authoritative sex educators because they make compelling and even frequent sex portraits like something risk-free and fun. In conclusion, the mass media developed, changed and transformed the society and its beliefs, values and lifestyles
